Pigmentation

Pigmentation refers to the coloring of the skin, which is primarily determined by melanin—a natural pigment produced by skin cells called melanocytes. When these cells become damaged or overactive, they can produce too much melanin, leading to dark spots, uneven skin tone, or patches, commonly known as hyperpigmentation. Pigmentation issues can affect any skin type and are often triggered by sun exposure, hormonal changes, acne scars, aging, or skin injuries.

The most common types of pigmentation include melasma, sun spots (solar lentigines), PIH (post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation), and freckles. These conditions are typically harmless but can affect a person’s confidence and appearance. Pigmentation may appear on the face, neck, hands, or other sun-exposed areas, and can worsen without proper skincare or protection from UV rays.

Effective treatments for pigmentation include chemical peels, laser therapies like PicoSure, microneedling (CIT), PRP/GFC, and topical lightening agents such as vitamin C, kojic acid, or retinoids. A combination of in-clinic treatments and a consistent skincare routine—along with sun protection—can help reduce dark spots, improve skin tone, and restore a brighter, clearer complexion. It’s important to consult a skin specialist to determine the right approach based on your skin type and the cause of pigmentation.